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Another Episode of “Global Canvas” by JOI Global Canvas is back!  After a brief hiatus and with a fresh new look on our redeveloped website , we’re diving straight into the stories shaping our world. This week, we turn our lens to Ecuador, once a quiet Andean nation, now caught in the grip of cartels and cocaine. This is more than a domestic problem; it’s a global wake-up call. Let’s unpack it. On 14th March 2025 , a major drug bust backed by Europol took down an Ecuadorian trafficking cell flooding Europe with cocaine. Once a quiet Andean nation squeezed between Colombia and Peru , Ecuador is now making global headlines for cartel killings, prison bloodbaths, and a drug war spiralling out of control. The country isn’t just a transit zone anymore,it’s becoming a battlefield. Context and Background Over the last few years, Ecuador has undergone a dramatic and dangerous transformation. Once seen as one of the more stable nations in the Andean region, it is now at the centre of Latin America's drug trafficking storm. In just five years, Ecuador has shifted from being a mere transit point to a major logistical hub for cocaine shipments heading primarily to Europe and the United States. According to Ecuador's Interior Ministry, nearly 300 tonnes of drugs were seized in 2024 alone,a record that underscores just how deeply entrenched the drug trade has become. Several key policy decisions from the past decade have helped set the stage. Under Rafael Correa , the Ecuadorian president from 2007 to 2017, Ecuador pursued reforms aimed at promoting free movement and positioning the country as a global hub. This visa-free travel opened the doors of the nation to organised crime figures. Among them were Albanian nationals, who quickly established a powerful foothold. Today, Albanian criminal groups are key players in Ecuador’s underworld, using legitimate businesses like banana and shrimp exporters as cover for cocaine trafficking into Europe. At the same time, Ecuador signed a trade agreement with the European Union that gradually cut tariffs on major exports like bananas, shrimp, fish, cocoa, and flowers. This booming trade turned the country into one of South America's most important shipping centres, and an attractive target for cartels seeking to piggyback illicit shipments onto commercial exports. Home to five of the nation’s eight shipping terminals, Guayaquil, the richest city of Ecuador, has become the primary centre for cocaine shipments to Europe and the U.S. Criminal dynamics within Ecuador have also been deeply influenced by outside forces. Mexican cartels have expanded their influence, tapping into Ecuador’s Pacific ports to move drugs northward. They have co-opted local actors, including artisanal fishermen along the coast, to facilitate the trafficking operations. Meanwhile, on the European side, tightened port security in Colombia has forced Albanian mafia groups to shift operations south. Organisations like the Azemi and Rexhepi gangs now play a dominant brokerage role in Ecuador’s cocaine trade. They maintain strong ties with local gangs, securing access to shipping networks that move vast quantities of cocaine across the Atlantic. All of this is happening against a backdrop of mounting political instability and economic hardship. With state institutions weakened by corruption and underfunding, criminal organizations have found ample space to operate, and expand. Ecuador is no longer just a stop along the drug trade route. It’s becoming a battleground where local and transnational criminal networks compete for dominance, leaving ordinary Ecuadorians trapped in a rising tide of violence and insecurity. Key Players and Stakeholders Non-State Actors:  At the heart of Ecuador’s crisis are powerful non-state actors, transnational drug cartels and local gangs that now operate with near impunity. Mexican cartels such as Sinaloa and CJNG (Cartel Jalisco Nueva Generación) use Ecuador as a strategic node in their trafficking routes, relying on coastal cities like Guayaquil for maritime exports. Today, both groups are locked in a brutal struggle for control over Ecuador’s strategic territory. They’re competing for access to key drug routes, including Pacific ports, the Panama Canal, cocaine warehouses, and production zones along the Colombia-Ecuador border. Their influence is most visible in Guayaquil, where control of the country’s largest port has become central to their operations. These groups often take help from Ecuadorian gangs like Los Choneros, Los Lobos, and Tiguerones , who fight bloody turf wars over control of prisons, ports, and neighbourhoods. Mexican cartels supply weapons, money, and military-style training, transforming these local gangs into heavily armed non-state actors. These groups now rake in tens of millions annually, not just from drug trafficking but from extortion rackets, forcing thousands of small businesses to pay for “protection” in the areas they control. Adding a global layer to the problem are Albanian mafia networks, which have embedded themselves deeply into Ecuador’s export economy. These groups, such as the Azemi and Rexhepi gangs, act as key intermediaries in the cocaine trade between South America and Europe. Using legal business fronts,especially in banana and shrimp exports,they help move large drug consignments undetected through commercial shipping routes. State:  Years of institutional neglect, corruption, and economic stress have hollowed out law enforcement and public security. Prisons have become de facto command centres for gangs, and political leaders have been unable,or unwilling,to confront the scale of the crisis. The 2023 assassination of presidential candidate Fernando Villavicencio was a stark warning of how deeply organised crime has penetrated the political sphere. The police and military are stretched thin, and many officers are compromised. Efforts at reform have been inconsistent, and without strong, independent institutions, the state struggles to assert control. Instead of being a bulwark against organized crime, parts of the state are now entangled with it. International actors:  International players have shaped both the problem and the response. On one hand, European trade policies have unintentionally enabled criminal exploitation of shipping routes. The EU’s trade agreement with Ecuador lowered tariffs and expanded maritime commerce, providing cover for smuggling operations. Similarly, visa-free travel policies opened the door for foreign criminal networks to establish a base of operations. On the other hand, international agencies like Europol , the DEA , and UNODC play a growing role in Ecuador’s counternarcotics efforts. The Europol-led bust of an Ecuadorian trafficking cell underscores this shift. However, without deeper cooperation on intelligence sharing, port security, and money laundering enforcement, external support remains reactive, not preventive. Major Concerns and Consequences The violence gripping Ecuador is not random,it’s systemic. Murder rates have surged to historic highs, with mass killings, car bombings, and prison massacres becoming part of daily life. The year 2023 saw a murder rate of 44.5% , the highest for the country. In 2024, the rate dropped to 38% , however, 2024 was still the second-most violent year in the country’s history, and homicides in many parts of the country remained at or exceeded 2023 levels. The state’s prison system, once a place of confinement, is now a hub of gang operations, with inmates coordinating extortion, assassinations, and drug shipments from inside. Additionally, Ecuador’s economy is being reshaped by drug money. Cartels and affiliated gangs launder proceeds through legitimate businesses, especially in the banana, shrimp, and real estate sectors. In cities like Guayaquil and Manta, criminal groups extort “protection fees” from local merchants, turning once-thriving business districts into zones of fear. As criminal actors gain more economic power, they increasingly outmatch the state in terms of resources and influence. This narco-capital fuels further corruption, distorts local markets, and entrenches inequality. The longer this shadow economy grows, the harder it becomes to untangle criminal power from legitimate enterprise. Ecuador’s political system is buckling under the pressure of organised crime. Corruption scandals involving law enforcement, customs officials, and local politicians have exposed how deeply criminal networks have infiltrated the state. Successive governments have failed to deliver lasting reforms, and emergency measures, military crackdowns, have done little to address the structural problems. Meanwhile, law enforcement agencies are overwhelmed, underfunded, and often infiltrated. Efforts to regain territorial control have fallen short, especially in port cities and border regions, where heavily armed gangs operate with near impunity. The result: ordinary Ecuadorians live in fear.   Theoretically Speaking : Strategic Alignments and Power Shifts From a realist perspective , Ecuador’s drug crisis highlights the failure of the state to maintain its core function: ensuring security. Realism views states as the primary actors in international relations, tasked with safeguarding their sovereignty and territorial integrity. As violence escalates and territorial control fragments, Ecuador’s weakened security apparatus exposes it to greater external manipulation further weakening the state.  Constructivism , on the other hand, shifts the focus to how non-state actors,like cartels, local gangs, and transnational criminal networks,reshape power dynamics. In Ecuador, non-state actors are no longer just peripheral threats; they have constructed new systems of governance, economy, and even social order within the territories they control. Gangs are not just criminal groups; in some communities, they act as de facto authorities, providing “protection,” resolving disputes, and controlling economic flows. This shows how non-state actors, through new social realities and power structures, are increasingly challenging the traditional dominance of the state. Takeaways Ecuador’s drug crisis is deeply rooted and accelerating. While the drug trade spans continents, Ecuador is bearing the brunt of the violence and instability. Without urgent reforms and real international support, the country risks falling permanently into the grip of organised crime. Compiled by Commodore (Dr) Johnson Odakkal (with support from Ms Vivaksha Vats)  Stay Tuned for More! Ecuador is no longer just a waypoint on the cocaine highway, it’s ground zero in a rapidly escalating narco-conflict. As cartels, mafia syndicates, and fractured state institutions battle for dominance, the country reflects a deeper global crisis where crime, commerce, and politics collide. This isn’t just Ecuador’s war, it’s a warning to the world. In this episode of Global Canvas , we trace the contours of Ecuador’s spiralling drug war. What global shifts are keeping you up at night? Share your views in the comments or connect with us at www.johnsonodakkal.com   or email   ceo@johnsonodakkal.com   to stay engaged. References and Sources UNODC. (2023). Global report on Cocaine 2023 – Local dynamics, global challenges. https://www.unodc.org/documents/data-and-analysis/cocaine/Global_cocaine_report_2023.pdf   Culver, Alvarado, Arvanitidis, Platt. (2025, April 21). On Ecuador’s cocaine coast, with a fisherman who turned to smuggling. CNN World . https://edition.cnn.com/2025/04/21/americas/ecuador-cocaine-coast-smuggling-latam/index.html   Wells, I. (2025, April 9). Tracking the world’s major cocaine route to Europe - and w hy it’s growing . BBC. https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cn0w4e4e00jo   Voss, G. (2025, April 11). Ecuador’s election sees president accused of drug trade ties . InSight Crime. https://insightcrime.org/news/ecuadors-election-sees-president-accused-drug-trade-ties/   Koha. (2023, April 13). The Albanian mafia has plunged Ecuador into bloodshed, the “Azemi” and “Rexhepi” criminal syndicates dominate . KOHA. https://koha.mk/en/mafia-shqiptare-e-ka-zhytur-ekuadorin-ne-gjakderdhje-dominojne-sindikatat-kriminale-azemi-dhe-rexhepi/   France 24. (2025, April 13). Ecuador chooses its next president as rampant drug violence undercuts the economy. France 24 . https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20250412-ecuador-s-presidential-hopefuls-face-toxic-brew-of-crime-unemployment\ Cavalari, M., Manjarrés, J., Newton, C., Cavalari, M., Manjarrés, J., & Newton, C. (2025, April 29). InSight Crime’s 2024 homicide Round-Up . InSight Crime. https://insightcrime.org/news/insight-crime-2024-homicide-round-up/#:~:text=Ecuador%20(%2D12.8%25),at%20or%20exceeded%202023%20levels   Dudley, S. (2025, February 5). How organized crime set the agenda for Ecuador’s presidential elections . InSight Crime. https://insightcrime.org/news/organized-crime-agenda-ecuadors-presidential-elections/   CADTM. (2025, February 6). Capitalism and drug trafficking in Ecuador: Two sides of the same coin. CADTM . https://www.cadtm.org/Capitalism-and-drug-trafficking-in-Ecuador-Two-sides-of-the-same-coin

There are seasons in every leader’s life when progress feels like pushing uphill through fog. Where effort echoes into silence, and your presence — however consistent or sincere — seems to fade into the background. I recently found myself in such a space. The work was still meaningful, but the structures around it became tightening frames. The applause stopped. The path ahead dimmed. Late one evening, I found myself journaling in near darkness — heart stirred, but not shaken. I knew I hadn’t lost my sense of calling. What I was losing was clarity about how to continue within systems that resist vision, or worse, co-opt it without credit. That’s when John C. Maxwell’s latest book, High Road Leadership , found me — not as a prescription, but as a quiet mirror. Two Roads Diverged… In moments of disappointment or disillusionment, we all arrive at a fork in the road. One path is easy to slide into: 🔹 Retrench in resentment  — replay conversations, hold grudges, and let disillusionment harden into bitterness. 🔹 The other is quieter but harder: Rebuild with resolve  — reflect, recalibrate, and return to purpose, even without applause. I chose the second. And not because I felt noble. But because I’ve seen what the first path does to leaders I’ve admired — and I didn’t want that for myself. As I journaled, read, and walked through that season, a framework began taking shape — not for managing others, but for managing myself. I now call it my High Road Strategy Spectrum . The High Road Is Rare — But It Is Real John Maxwell defines leadership roads in three categories: Low Road : Treats others worse than they treat you. Middle Road : Treats others the same. High Road : Treats others better than they treat you. Many live on the middle road  — measured, transactional, tolerating just enough to stay professional. But the high road ? That’s where the legacy lives. That’s where you rise not to be seen, but to see others. To hold the door open for those behind you. To choose grace when grievance would be easier. It’s not about moral superiority. As Maxwell reminds us, it’s about valuing people , doing the right things for the right reasons , and giving more than you take . A Strategy Spectrum: Leading Without Applause The High Road Strategy Spectrum  is not a toolkit. It’s a mindset — forged in reflection, tested in resistance. It asks: Can I anchor my tone  even when I lack the title? Will I protect my values  even when they’re inconvenient? Can I lead with joy  in quiet, unglamorous spaces? It reminds me that leadership is not a spotlight I earn — it’s a lamp I carry. This spectrum helps me show up with integrity even when structure stifles, to steward classrooms with love, to mentor even when it’s unseen, and to write as if my words will someday find someone in their own fog. Stewardship Over Status For me, leadership has become less about vision casting and more about presence keeping . It’s not the grand pronouncements but the quiet consistency. Not the clever strategy, but the soulful stability. And in this season, I’ve found that my greatest strength lies not in how well I argue my case, but in how deeply I embody my calling. Leadership isn’t always about the title you hold. It’s often about the tone you set. I set my tone now with grace, quiet resolve, and faithful stewardship — for every student I mentor, every educator I uplift, and every conversation I enter with heart. An Invitation to Walk the High Road This is not a victory lap. It’s a check-in from the journey. I’m preparing to co-facilitate a High Road Leadership Mastermind  — not from a place of perfection, but from the practice  of walking this road. If you’ve been navigating quiet resistance, unspoken fatigue, or simply need to reset — I’d be honored to journey with you. Want to explore the High Road Strategy Spectrum ?Curious about a Mastermind ?DM me or reach out via email to ceo@johnsonodakkal.com   Let’s rise — not to outshine, but to outserve . Do explore our updated website at www.johnsonodakkal.com

Another Episode of “Global Canvas” by JOI The Arctic and Antarctic are vanishing at an alarming pace. According to the US National Snow and Ice Data Center, what was once a fortress of frozen stability is now shrinking fast, with global sea ice hitting a record low. But this isn’t just about melting ice, it’s about a domino effect that threatens climate systems, wildlife, communities, and even global power dynamics . From disrupted weather patterns to geopolitical tensions over newly exposed resources, the stakes are rising as the ice recedes. This week on Global Canvas , we uncover the sweeping consequences of a world with less sea ice. Context and Background Sea ice , nature’s giant mirror, is crucial in regulating Earth’s climate. Floating atop the Arctic and Southern Oceans, it reflects up to 80% of the Sun’s energy into space, helping to keep global temperatures stable. For decades, sea ice has acted as Earth’s built-in cooling system. By reflecting sunlight, it helps prevent excessive heat absorption by the ocean.  But as climate change accelerates, this frozen shield is shrinking at an alarming rate, with dire consequences for weather patterns, sea levels, marine ecosystems, and even global politics. The latest data from the US National Snow and Ice Data Center paints a troubling picture: in February 2025 , the combined extent of Arctic and Antarctic sea ice dropped to a record low of 15.76 million square kilometers, breaking the previous 5-day record low of 15.93 million square kilometers from January-February 2023.  The Arctic has long been considered the frontline of climate change. Sea ice there is declining at about 12% per decade, and summer months are now seeing vast expanses of open water where ice once dominated. The Arctic is warming nearly four times faster than the global average, a process known as "Arctic amplification." Scientists predict that by at least once before 2050, the Arctic could be essentially ice-free at the end of its summer. This rapid loss of ice is not just a problem for the Arctic itself. The disappearance of sea ice disrupts global weather patterns, making extreme heat waves, storms, and even harsh winter conditions more common in faraway regions. Unlike the Arctic, which is surrounded by land, Antarctic sea ice is more mobile and thin, making it particularly sensitive to wind patterns and ocean currents. While Antarctic sea ice had shown fluctuations in previous decades, recent years have seen a steep and concerning decline. In 2023, Antarctic sea ice dropped 1 million square kilometers below previous minimums, and 2025 has already set new lows. Antarctic ice shelves, which act as barriers, holding back massive glaciers are also experiencing unprecedented surface melting due to rising temperatures. If these ice shelves collapse, they could trigger the release of vast amounts of land ice into the ocean, leading to a significant acceleration in sea-level rise. Since the 1990s, Antarctica's land ice loss has already contributed 7.2mm to global sea levels, and the trend is only worsening. As more sea ice disappears, it exposes darker ocean water, which absorbs rather than reflects sunlight. This means more heat energy is absorbed into the ocean, which in turn melts even more ice, a self-reinforcing cycle known as the ice-albedo effect . The planetary cooling effects of Arctic and Antarctic sea ice during 2016–2023 were about 20% and 12% less, respectively, than they were during 1980–1988. Disappearing sea ice is therefore amplifying climate change by causing the Earth to absorb about 0.3 more watts of solar energy per square meter for every 1°C rise in global temperature. Meanwhile, the rapid loss of sea ice in the Arctic and Antarctic is also reshaping global geopolitics. As ice retreats, previously inaccessible areas are opening up for shipping, military deployment, and resource extraction, particularly oil, gas, and rare earth minerals. In the Arctic, this has intensified competition among major powers like the U.S. , Russia , and China , each seeking strategic and economic advantage. In the Antarctic, although protected by international treaties, the thinning ice is raising concerns about future territorial claims and resource exploitation. The melting poles no longer remain remote frontiers—they’re becoming central arenas of geopolitical rivalry. Key Players and Stakeholders Indigenous Communities  – Arctic Indigenous groups, such as the Inuit in Alaska, Canada, and Greenland , are facing severe disruptions due to the loss of sea ice. These environmental changes threaten not just livelihoods, but also cultural heritage , as Indigenous knowledge and ways of life have been deeply tied to the frozen landscapes for centuries. Flora and Fauna – The loss of sea ice doesn’t just threaten iconic species like polar bears and penguins, it also disrupts entire ecosystems, including marine and coastal plant life. Algae and phytoplankton, which grow on the underside of sea ice, form the foundation of the polar food web, supporting fish, krill, and ultimately larger predators like whales and seals. As ice diminishes, these vital primary producers decline, affecting the entire marine ecosystem. Additionally, coastal tundra ecosystems, which depend on cold, stable conditions, are being altered by rising temperatures and increased erosion, impacting species like Arctic foxes, caribou, and migratory birds. The interconnectedness of these ecosystems means that the loss of sea ice sends ripple effects through both plant and animal life, threatening biodiversity on a global scale. Arctic Nations  – Countries bordering the Arctic are racing to stake claims on newly accessible territories as the ice melts. The opening of Arctic shipping routes, such as the Northern Sea Route along Russia’s coast, could shorten global trade paths but also heighten geopolitical tensions. Additionally, melting ice is revealing vast reserves of oil, gas, and minerals, leading to increased interest from global powers. These developments are turning the polar regions into strategic battlegrounds, where environmental concerns may potentially clash with economic and political interests. Major Concerns and Consequences The loss of sea ice is devastating for Indigenous Arctic communities , whose way of life has depended on the ice for centuries. Groups like the Inuit in Canada, Alaska, and Greenland  rely on stable sea ice for hunting, fishing, and travel. As ice disappears, traditional food sources like seals and fish become scarcer, forcing communities to adapt to rapid environmental and economic changes. Additionally, rising sea levels threaten villages, forcing some to relocate entirely, disrupting their cultural heritage and connection to the land. As sea ice disappears, more heat is absorbed by the ocean, accelerating warming trends. This fuels climate change, disrupts weather patterns , and contributes to rising sea levels . Arctic ice loss disrupts jet streams, leading to unpredictable weather, including harsher winters in North America and Europe . Meanwhile, melting Antarctic ice affects ocean currents, altering climate patterns and making regions like the UK and northwest Europe colder and stormier. The disappearance of sea ice also threatens biodiversity loss , extinction of species that rely on it for survival, and potentially leading to the collapse of entire ecosystems. In the Arctic, polar bears are becoming smaller, weaker, and hungrier as melting summer ice makes it harder for them to hunt seals. Winter sea ice is also crucial for fisheries and seal pups , which depend on stable ice for breeding and protection. In Antarctica, shrinking ice threatens krill populations, the foundation of the Southern Ocean food web, putting species like whales and penguins at risk. Geopolitically, as sea ice retreats, nations are racing to control newly opened shipping routes and untapped fossil fuel reserves, intensifying competition and geopolitical conflicts . For example, Russia has significantly expanded its military presence in the Arctic, staking claims on vast underwater territories and constructing new bases along its northern coast. China, despite having no Arctic territory, has declared itself a “ near-Arctic state ” and is investing heavily in Arctic infrastructure, including shipping and energy projects. Meanwhile, the Arctic nations like Denmark are investing billions of dollars in strengthening its Arctic presence, —to counter rising geopolitical pressure from both eastern and western rivals. This growing competition over resources and strategic waterways may fuel tensions between major powers, raising concerns about future conflicts in the region.  Theoretically Speaking : Strategic Alignments and Power Shifts Traditional security focuses on military threats, but non-traditional security  expands the definition to include climate change, resource scarcity, and environmental crises. The loss of sea ice exacerbates food and water insecurity , displaces Indigenous communities, and contributes to extreme weather events that can destabilize nations. Economies may soon face climate-driven conflicts over resources, as melting ice exposes untapped oil, gas, and fisheries, making the Arctic a potential flashpoint for competition and territorial disputes. From a realist perspective , Arctic geopolitics is shaped by power competition and national self-interest. States act to secure resources, territory, and strategic advantage—often at the expense of others. The U.S. and Russia’s growing military presence, along with China’s infrastructure and investment moves, reflect classic realist dynamics: the Arctic is a zero-sum arena where gains by one power trigger anxiety and countermeasures from rivals. Melting ice unlocks new resources intensifying competition. Takeaways The loss of Arctic and Antarctic sea ice is not merely a polar issue—it constitutes a global crisis. It accelerates climate change, endangers biodiversity, disrupts economies, and transforms the geopolitical landscape. While some may gain in the short term, the long-term implications pose significant risks to humanity. Tackling this challenge demands urgent action: reducing greenhouse gas emissions, safeguarding vulnerable communities and ecosystems, and promoting international cooperation. Compiled by Commodore (Dr) Johnson Odakkal (with support from Ms Vivaksha Vats)  Stay Tuned for More! The Arctic-Antarctic chessboard is no longer just a backdrop of ice and isolation—it’s fast becoming the front line of a 21st-century power play. As climate change accelerates and rival nations stake their claims, the polar regions reveal a deeper narrative of ambition, adaptation, and authority. The Cold War may be over, but its echoes ring loud in the polar winds. In this episode of Global Canvas , we spotlight the unfolding tug-of-war beneath the ice caps. What global issues concern you most? Share your thoughts in the comments or connect with us at www.johnsonodakkal.com   or email ceo@johnsonodakkal.com    to stay tuned. References and Sources https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cvgeydkz08go https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2024GL109608 https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/climate-change-arctic-sea-ice-summer-minimum#:~:text=Arctic%20sea%20ice%20declines%20are,affect%20the%20global%20climate%20system https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-66724246 https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-66724246 https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c5yg344zz1ro https://www.wired.com/story/beneath-greenlands-ice-lies-a-climate-solution-and-a-new-geopolitical-battleground https://www.albany.edu/news-center/news/2022-study-diminishing-arctic-sea-ice-has-lasting-impacts-global-climate https://nsidc.org/learn/parts-cryosphere/sea-ice/why-sea-ice-matters ? https://apnews.com/article/polar-bear-arctic-climate-change-whale-fat-938de0e1662eed4d01a747708b82e539 https://apnews.com/article/arctic-climate-change-sea-ice-loss-melt-a5c45e0d2ee81a7dfc3c816f2ee4dfac https://apnews.com/article/arctic-climate-change-sea-ice-loss-melt-a5c45e0d2ee81a7dfc3c816f2ee4dfac https://nsidc.org/learn/ask-scientist/what-are-impacts-arctic-sea-ice-loss https://www.nature.com/articles/s43247-022-00498-3#:~:text=Abstract,tend%20to%20underestimate%20the%20amplification https://www.orfonline.org/research/china-and-the-arctic-an-overview https://coastalscience.noaa.gov/news/melting-antarctic-sea-ice-threatens-minke-whales-video/   https://moderndiplomacy.eu/2025/02/28/arctic-showdown-global-power-struggles-aseans-stake-in-the-ice/ https://news.mongabay.com/2025/03/polar-sea-ice-continues-steep-decline-but-will-a-troubled-world-notice/

Another Episode of “Global Canvas” by JOI In a historic turn of events, South Africa's 2024 general election marked the end of the African National Congress's (ANC) uninterrupted 30-year majority rule. ANC secured just 40% of the vote, necessitating coalition partnerships with the opposition to form the government.  This week on Global Canvas , we delve into the intricate dynamics of South Africa's 2024 election, exploring the factors that led to the ANC's decline, the emerging new political entities, and the broader implications for the nation's future. The question: Does this electoral outcome represent a democratic renaissance for South Africa, or will it herald a period of political instability? Context and Background South Africa employs a closed-list proportional representation  system for its elections, designed to ensure that political parties gain seats in both the national and provincial parliaments based on the percentage of votes they receive. Voters cast three separate ballots: one for a political party in the National Assembly, one for a party or independent candidate representing their province in the National Assembly, and one for the provincial legislature.  The National Assembly consists of 400 members, with 200 elected from national party lists and the other 200 from provincial party lists. To form a government independently, a party must secure more than 50% of the seats—at least 201 out of 400. This majority is crucial because, after the general election, the National Assembly members are responsible for electing the President.  Since the end of apartheid ( the former official government policy in South Africa of separating people of different races and making them live apart ) in 1994 , the African National Congress (ANC) has been the dominant force in South African politics, consistently securing comfortable majorities that allowed it to govern without forming coalitions. The ANC’s historical significance as the party that led the struggle against apartheid, coupled with its early post-apartheid achievements, solidified its political stronghold for decades. However, the 2024 general election, held on May 29 , marked a dramatic departure from this trend. The ANC secured only 40% of the vote, falling significantly short of the majority needed to govern independently.  This outcome represents a pivotal shift in South Africa’s political landscape, signalling declining public confidence in the party’s ability to address the country’s pressing challenges. Several factors contributed to this erosion of support. Public dissatisfaction with high unemployment has weakened the ANC’s support. Additionally, numerous corruption scandals involving high-ranking ANC officials have tarnished the party’s image, eroding trust among voters. These issues have been compounded by deteriorating public services, including unreliable electricity supply, poor healthcare infrastructure, and inadequate water management. Moreover, younger voters, known as the “born-free” generation— those born after apartheid— are more focused on issues like job creation, education, and social justice, and are increasingly open to supporting new political movements that promise change.The emergence of new political parties, most notably the uMkhonto we Sizwe (MK)   party , has also fragmented the electorate. Founded by former President Jacob Zuma just six months before the election, the MK party resonated with voters, especially in economically marginalized communities.  After the election, the ANC formed a government of national unity  in coalition with the DA , the main opposition party, which had secured 21.63% of the vote and other parties. For the first time in South Africa’s democratic history, the country has formed a national coalition government. The election result underscores the deep-rooted inequalities that persist in South Africa, despite the progress made since the end of apartheid. Economic disparities remain stark, with wealth and opportunities often concentrated in urban areas, while rural communities continue to face poverty and underdevelopment.  Key Players and Stakeholders The African National Congress (ANC) , founded in 1912 , is South Africa’s oldest political party and played a pivotal role in the struggle against apartheid. Originally established as the South African Native National Congress , it aimed to unite African people and advocate for their rights under colonial rule. The party gained global recognition for its leadership in the anti-apartheid movement, with iconic figures like Nelson Mandela  at the forefront.  Since the end of apartheid in 1994 , the ANC has been the dominant force in South African politics, leading the government for nearly three decades. Currently, the party is led by Cyril Ramaphosa , who has served as South Africa’s President since 2018 , focusing on economic reforms, anti-corruption efforts, and social development amid growing internal challenges and declining electoral support. The Democratic Alliance (DA)  is South Africa’s main opposition party, known for its liberal democratic values and emphasis on good governance, economic growth, and anti-corruption. Its origins trace back to the Progressive Party , founded in 1959 , which opposed apartheid policies within the parliamentary system. Over time, through a series of mergers and rebranding, it evolved into the DA in 2000 . The party has traditionally drawn support from urban, middle-class, and minority communities, positioning itself as a champion of non-racialism and market-friendly policies. Currently led by John Steenhuisen , the DA has been gaining ground by focusing on issues like service delivery, government accountability, and economic reforms. The Democratic Alliance (DA) , the main opposition party, secured 21% of the vote, maintaining its position as a significant political force.  The uMkhonto we Sizwe (MK) Party  founded by former President Jacob Zuma , derives its name from the military wing of the African National Congress which fought against apartheid during the country's liberation struggle. MK established just months before the general election, quickly gained significant support, drawing former ANC members disillusioned with the party's current direction. The MK Party's base is primarily composed of economically marginalized, predominantly Zulu  voters (a member of a South African people traditionally living mainly in KwaZulu-Natal province) voters who resonate with Zuma's populist rhetoric and leadership. It made a strong impact in the election, securing around 14%  of the vote, becoming the third-largest party  in South Africa's National Assembly. The party's rise reflects growing frustration with the ANC's failure to address ongoing issues that have plagued the post-apartheid state. Major Concerns and Consequences The ANC loss of majority has ushered South Africa into an era of coalition politics, relatively uncharted territory for the nation. While this development could lead to more inclusive governance, it also raises concerns about political instability and policy paralysis. The necessity for coalition-building may result in fragile alliances, potentially hindering decisive action on critical issues such as economic reform, unemployment, & social inequality . Moreover, the rise of populist parties like the MK introduces uncertainties regarding policy direction and adherence to democratic norms.  Theoretically Speaking Elite theory  suggests that political power is concentrated in the hands of a small ruling elite, which, over time, becomes disconnected from the public. The ANC, once the dominant political force championing liberation and democracy, has faced accusations of corruption, inefficiency, and internal factionalism , eroding public trust. The emergence of MK represents a populist backlash from disenfranchised voters who felt abandoned by the ruling party. Similarly, the DA’s increasing support from middle-class and urban voters reflects frustration with ANC misgovernance. This shift suggests that when ruling elites fail to address societal concerns, political alternatives emerge, leading to electoral fragmentation. Political realignment theory  suggests that when longstanding parties fail to address voter concerns, new political alliances and party loyalties emerge. In the South African context, the ANC’s historical coalition of Black voters, trade unions, and grassroots activists has fractured due to economic discontent, generational shifts, and rising populism. The DA has consolidated support among urban, middle-class voters, while MK has attracted disillusioned ANC supporters, particularly in Zuma’s Zulu heartland. This election signals a major realignment, where traditional party loyalties are breaking down, and South Africa’s political landscape is becoming more competitive and fragmented. Takeaways South Africa's 2024 general election represents a pivotal moment in the nation's democratic journey. The ANC's loss of majority underscores growing public demand for accountability and effective governance. The emergence of new political players and the shift towards coalition politics present both opportunities for more representative governance and challenges related to political stability. As South Africa navigates this new political terrain, the resilience of democratic institutions and the commitment of its leaders to collaborative governance will be crucial determinants of its future trajectory. Note: Cyril Ramaphosa  of the ANC  was re-elected as the President of South Africa with the support of the Democratic Alliance (DA), Inkatha Freedom Party (IFP) and several smaller parties, forming a coalition government known as the Government of National Unity . John Steenhuisen , leader of the DA , currently serves as the Minister of Agriculture , while Velenkosini Hlabisa , leader of the IFP , has been appointed as the Minister of Cooperative Governance and Traditional Affairs . Compiled by Commodore (Dr) Johnson Odakkal (with support from Ms Vivaksha Vats)  Stay Tuned for More! As the Global Canvas  series continues, we will explore key moments reshaping political landscapes and governance worldwide. South Africa’s 2024 election marks a turning point in the nation’s democratic evolution, raising critical questions about coalition governance, political accountability, and the future of leadership in emerging democracies. What other global events or political issues would you like us to cover next? Drop your suggestions in the comments or reach out! Visit   www.johnsonodakkal.com  or email ceo@johnsonodakkal.com    to stay engaged as we analyze the forces driving change in governance, diplomacy, and international affairs. References and Sources African Elections | South Africa General Elections: All you need to know NPE Results Dashboard 2024 South Africa country profile - BBC News South Africa election results: ANC loses majority for first time : NPR South Africa is forming a unity government. What happens next? - The Hindu The South African coalition government's daunting agenda The South African Electoral System — Helen Suzman Foundation South Africa to form multi-party coalition government in historic ‘new chapter,’ DA party says | CNN Why voters fall out of love with liberation movements

International Women's Day is an annual event celebrated on March 8th to recognize and appreciate the contributions of women to society and promote gender equality. The theme for International Women's Day 2023 is "DigitALL: Innovation and Technology for Gender Equality". This theme emphasises the significant role of digital technologies in advancing gender equality and empowering women. Digital technology and gender equality The advancement of technology has provided numerous opportunities for women to access education, employment, and entrepreneurship. Digital technologies have also enabled better access to healthcare, financial services, and social networks. However, women still face significant barriers to accessing and fully utilising digital technologies. Women are underrepresented in technology-related fields, and they often lack the necessary skills and resources to participate in the digital economy fully. The "DigitALL" theme recognizes the need to promote digital inclusion and eliminate the gender digital divide. By providing women with access to digital technologies and the necessary skills to use them, we can unlock their potential to drive innovation and economic growth. To promote digital inclusion, investing in digital infrastructure and expanding internet connectivity is essential. In many parts of the world, women are less likely than men to have access to the internet or own a mobile phone. Governments and private sector companies can work together to bridge the digital divide by investing in broadband infrastructure, reducing the cost of data plans, and providing digital literacy training. In addition to improving access to digital technologies, we must also address the gender gap in STEM fields. Women are vastly underrepresented in STEM careers, and this gap starts early in education. Girls and young women need to be encouraged to pursue careers in STEM fields and see themselves represented in those fields. Mentoring programs and scholarships can support women and girls in STEM and address the gender gap in these fields. Digital technologies can also promote gender equality in the workplace. The pandemic has demonstrated the potential for remote work, which can provide more flexibility and opportunities for women to balance work and caregiving responsibilities. However, remote work can also exacerbate existing inequalities, such as the gender pay gap and the unequal distribution of unpaid care work. Employers must ensure that remote work policies are designed to promote gender equality and address these inequalities. Digital technologies can also be used to address gender-based violence and harassment. The pandemic has led to an increase in domestic violence, and technology can provide support and resources for survivors. Hotlines, chatbots, and apps can provide confidential support and connect survivors with local services. Technology can also collect data on gender-based violence and inform policy and prevention efforts. All in all, digital technologies can promote women's political participation and leadership. Women are underrepresented in political leadership, and technology can provide new opportunities for women to engage in politics and decision-making. Social media, online platforms, and digital tools can help amplify women's voices and connect them with like-minded individuals and organizations. Digital campaigns can also mobilize support for women's rights and gender equality. Challenges of DigitALL Despite the potential benefits of DigitALL, there are still significant challenges that must be addressed. One of the main challenges is the digital gender divide. Women in many parts of the world still face barriers to accessing and using technology, including lack of access to infrastructure, limited digital literacy, and cultural norms that limit their use of technology. This digital divide can exacerbate gender gaps and limit women's access to the opportunities that technology provides. Another challenge is the potential for technology to perpetuate gender stereotypes and biases. For instance, algorithms used in recruitment or hiring processes can be biased against women, resulting in gender-based discrimination. Additionally, online harassment and abuse are significant issues that disproportionately affect women. This can discourage women from participating in online spaces and limit their opportunities for engagement and empowerment. Privacy and security are also significant concerns in the digital age, particularly for women. Women are more likely to experience online harassment and abuse, including cyberstalking and revenge porn. This can have serious consequences for their safety and well-being. Additionally, women's personal data may be more vulnerable to exploitation and misuse, putting them at risk of identity theft and other forms of online fraud. Addressing these challenges will require a concerted effort from governments, private sector companies, civil society organizations, and individuals. One way to address the digital gender divide is by investing in digital literacy programs and promoting access to affordable technology. Governments can also implement policies that address gender-based discrimination and bias in technology. To address issues of online harassment and abuse, there is a need for stronger laws and policies to protect women's privacy and safety. Social media platforms and other online service providers must also take responsibility for the content on their platforms and take proactive steps to prevent and address online harassment and abuse. Finally, addressing privacy and security concerns will require a combination of individual action and collective efforts. Individuals can take steps to protect their online privacy and security, such as using strong passwords and enabling two-factor authentication. Governments and private sector companies must also take steps to ensure the secure handling of personal data and prevent its misuse. Effective DigitALL In conclusion, the "DigitALL" theme of International Women's Day 2023 highlights the importance of promoting digital inclusion and closing the gender digital divide. By ensuring women have access to digital technologies and the necessary skills to use them, we can unlock their potential to drive innovation and economic growth. Digital technologies can promote women's political participation and leadership, and improve gender equality in the workplace. While the theme of "DigitALL" highlights the potential of digital technologies to promote gender equality and empower women, it requires addressing the challenges of the digital gender divide, gender bias and stereotypes, and issues of privacy and security. By working together to overcome these challenges, we can ensure that women are able to fully participate in the digital economy and benefit from the opportunities that technology provides. Let’s DigitAll Stay connected with Team #JOI at www.johnsonodakkal.com and do reach out for a facilitated journey to “Maximise Your Message” in the written or spoken mode. The Team will be happy to work with you if you seek to express your voice!

Festivals !! The moment we hear this word we instantly think of holidays, get-togethers, special delicacies, celebrations, rituals and many more. Festivals are very close to our heart as they originate from ancient holy texts reminiscing the fascinating stories. These are the days which help us to relax and cherish the festive season and if this festival is conducted around the Sea then it just becomes more lively and better and that is what we call ' Sea Festivals ' or even # MaritimeFestivals . Many might be hearing this term for the first time or have known it but didn't know the exact terminology. Basically, Maritime festivals are related to sea areas which have maritime history linked to it's culture and tradition. So what does it actually mean? What are these Sea festivals that are celebrated in our country which many of us are not aware of? Let's just see what these intriguing festivals are all about. BOITA BANDANA: #BoitaBandāna also known as Dangā Bhasā , is a traditional Odia maritime and naval festival celebrated annually throughout Odisha, India. The name could be translated as "to float ritual boats and worshipping with lighted lamp" and comes from the tradition of making decorated boats, which are then floated on a river as a symbolic gesture of their ancestors' voyage. It is a major festival held on Kartik Purnima (November Full Moon Day), at Cuttack on the bank of River Mahanadi to mark the day when Sadhabas (ancient Odia mariners) would set sail to distant lands of Bali, Java, Sumatra, and Borneo in Indonesia and Sri Lanka (formerly Ceylon) for trade and cultural relations. On this day people float miniature toy boats ( Boita ), made of coloured paper, dried banana tree barks, and cork, as a symbolic gesture to the ancient maritime history of Odisha. The significance of ' Bali Yatra ' was also highlighted by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, addressing the Indian diaspora at the G20 Summit in Bali. According to the historian R. D. Banerjee. “ The people of Kalinga were the pioneers of Indian migration in farther India and the Indian Archipelago .” The local traditions ascribe the origins of the ritual tradition to around 3rd century BC as Kalinga was a well known powerful maritime power and with strong trading links across the oceans especially during the reign of Maurya empire whose rulers coveted the region for its influence. The voyages were undertaken in vessels known as boitas , by Sadhabas . They set off for months at a time, to trade with people from these distant lands across the ocean in Southeast Asia. They would start their voyage from November and head towards Southeast Asia with the help of Northeast monsoon winds for trade purposes across different regions. After trading the ships would take the ocean countercurrent to get back to Sri Lanka in time to take advantage of the Southwest monsoon around the month of May and return home. Hence the women from the families of the travelling sailors used to perform rituals on the day of Kartik Purnima for their safe journey and return, which hereafter became the tradition of Boita Bandana (Worship of the Boats). In current times, women in Odisha worship sea gods and float boats made out of coloured papers in rivers, ponds, lakes and seas, reciting ‘ Aa Ka Ma Boi ’ which symbolises three months of Aswina, Kartika and Margashira . This also highlights that during the ancient period, seafaring was predominantly patriarchal in nature. The last five days of the festival are considered auspicious, ending with Kartika Purnima . During these five days eating fish, meat or eggs is avoided and food is consumed only once in the afternoon which is known as ‘Habisa-Anna’ . They also worship the deity ‘ Taapoi ’ but the story of Taapo i has more significance in another festival called Khudurukuni Osha which is observed during the month of August/September and is held to celebrate the return of the Sadhabas . NARALI PURNIMA: #NaraliPurnima is a festival mainly celebrated by the fishing communities of the Western coastal regions of India especially in Maharashtra and Konkan. It is observed on Purnima of ' Shravana ' month as per the Hindu calendar. The word ' Narali ' is derived from Nariyal that is 'Coconut' and ' Purnima ' signifies the 'full moon day'. On this day offerings such as rice, flowers and coconuts are offered to Lord Varuna , the god of ocean and waters as people living on the western coast of Maharashtra believe that their life is only based on sea. Fishermen decorate their boats and bring them to the shore of the sea and then extend offerings to please the deity and seek his protection from all dangers along with having a prosperous fishing season ahead. The Brahmins of Maharashtra perform the ‘ Shravani Upakarma ’ and keep a fast on this day without consuming any form of grains. They keep the ‘ phalahar’ vrat by eating only coconut all day long. Food including coconut like Narali Bhaat or coconut rice is prepared as a special traditional food for this occasion. The sea is considered holy by fishermen as it is means of their survival, they also offer pooja to the boats. After completing the puja rituals, fishermen sail in the sea, in their ornately decorated boats and after making a short trip, they return to the shore and spend the rest of the day dancing and singing the folklore. However, the origin of this festival is still unknown. Narali Purnima is one of the joyous festival for the fishermen community as it marks the end of the monsoon season in Maharashtra and beginning of the fishing and the water-trade amongst the fisherfolk because it was stopped by the oceanographers during the season as it is a fish breeding period. It is also believed that after this day the strength of the wind and the direction of the same changes in favour of fishermen. Nonetheless, this day is celebrated with great zeal and enthusiasm by the fishermen community as they hope to continue follow the traditions in the future. MASI MAGAM FESTIVAL: #MasiMagam is a Tamil festival celebrated on Purnima during the ' Masi ' month of the Tamil calendar. The crowds, particularly belonging to the Irular tribe of Tamil Nadu, gather around the shores of Puducherry to witness the annual Masi Magam festival; a time when the goddess Kaniamman takes a trip to the beach. Masi Magam is celebrated with high pomp and joy. On this day, devotees gather near holy water bodies and take a dip in the water to remove the sins of present and past life. Dipping in holy water is also believed to remove Pitra Dosh by earning the blessings of one's ancestors. Idols of deities are then taken from temples to riverside or seaside and are offered a ceremonial bath. This ritual is known as Theerthavari and is joined by thousands of devotees who carry the idols to the seashore and offer them a bath. The ritual is performed early in the morning and is accompanied by recitation of prayers, chanting of mantras, etc. According to the Hindu legends, there are many stories related to the festival of Masi Magam . One such legend mentions a time when Lord Brahma learned about Lord Shiva’s plan to recreate the universe after its destruction. Lord Brahma requested Lord Shiva to began the recreation from Kumbakonam (a sacred temple city in Tamil Nadu state). Shiva asked Lord Brahma to fill a pot called as Kumbha with Amrit and the source energy to recreate the world and place it at the top of Mount Meru. The pot was found on the Purnim a of Masi month ( Masi Magam ) and the recreation of the universe began from Kumbakonam . Since the festival is associated with the recreation of the universe, it is also considered the best day to begin new things and bring new hopes, eliminating all the negativity from a person's life. All these festivals have its own unique glory with rich culture and traditions yet it is similar to each other as it is one way or other related to the sea, providing a different perspective as to how to protect the sea and respect its favour to humankind. Isn't it intriguing and mind blowing about how these different cultures and stories are inter related to sea? I think everyone of us must value this cultural heritage and should try to preserve it. I would like to conclude by a quote that is "To celebrate a festival means: to live out, for some special occasion and in an uncommon manner, the universal assent to the world as a whole." ~ Josef Pieper I urge the readers to enjoy the festivals and further pass on this great heritage, especially the ones associated with SEA. HAPPY FESTIVALS!! Stay connected at www.johnsonodakkal.com References: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1chEhxjYcjZxJ_D_QD0xMx8Uy9RfB-yGsl1wL-1uNyHE/edit?usp=drivesdk https://www.mhsindia.org/bali-yatra-boita-bandana/#more-3722 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boita_Bandana https://www.ganeshaspeaks.com/festival-calendars/information/narali-purnima/ https://m.timesofindia.com/religion/festivals/narali-purnima-2022-date-rituals-and-significance/amp_articleshow/93493484.cms https://www.edudwar.com/masi-magam/ https://homegrown.co.in/homegrown-explore/celebration-by-the-sea-tamil-nadu-s-indigenous-festival-of-union-community

Unlock the doors to a world of opulence and exclusivity. Join the elite team of #LuxuryBrand Management (LBM) and be part of creating the most luxurious products and experiences the world has ever seen. As a #LuxuryBrand Manager, you'll work alongside some of the most iconic brands, shaping their image and reputation, and bringing their products and services to the most discerning consumers globally. Imagine being at the forefront of creating unique and innovative marketing campaigns, building relationships with high-end clientele, and staying ahead of the latest trends in the industry. A career in LBM is not just about glamour and luxury, but also about strategy, creativity, and hard work. It's a challenging field that offers endless opportunities for personal and professional growth. Are you ready to take on the challenge and make your mark in the world of luxury? There are a few prerequisites that can help increase the chances of getting into a career in LBM. These include: Education : A bachelor's degree in marketing, business, or a related field is typically required for entry-level positions in LBM. A master's degree in business administration (MBA) or a specialized degree in LBM can also be beneficial. Experience : Relevant work experience in areas such as marketing, sales, or branding can be an advantage in this field. Additionally, experience in the luxury goods industry, whether through internships, co-op programs, or entry-level positions, can be helpful in demonstrating a candidate's understanding of the industry and their passion for luxury brands. Network : Building and maintaining a professional network in the industry can be beneficial in finding job opportunities or learning more about the field. Language : Fluency in multiple languages is a plus in this field, as luxury brands often have a global reach. Skills : Strong communication, project management, and analytical skills are important to succeed in LBM. The #LuxuryBrand market in India is growing rapidly, with a growing number of high net worth individuals driving demand for luxury goods and services. As a result, there are increasing opportunities for individuals with skills and experience in LBM in India. There is a high demand for #LuxuryBrand managers, marketing professionals, and sales professionals in India, with many opportunities for career advancement. Opportunities for LBM professionals in the country exist not only with luxury brands but also with luxury retail chains, lifestyle and hospitality companies, and consulting firms that specialize in LBM. However, as it's a niche field, the competition for jobs in LBM can be high in India, so it's important for individuals to have a strong portfolio of relevant education, experience, and skills, as well as a good professional network. In conclusion, it's not all about glamour and luxury, it's also about strategy, creativity and hard work. It's a challenging field, but with the right skills and mindset, you can make a real impact on the luxury industry. And if you're looking for a career that offers both personal and professional growth, LBM is the way to go. Surely you would want to know and read more about courses and other details. We are sharing one link each from an Indian and an International space. Learn about Luxury Brand Connect School at https://lcbs.edu.in/blog/post/career-scope-and-salary-of-luxury-brand-management-in-india/ Berlin School of Business and Innovation (BSBI) , an international institute at Berlin, has been helping graduates to become exceptional leaders in their chosen field. Further locations that provide opportunities for students to study globally are in Hamburg, Paris or Athens. Learn more about this institute at https://www.berlinsbi.com/blog/student-corner/a-quick-guide-to-a-career-in-luxury-brand-management Do stay connected with us and Chart out your way towards significance and book a Personal Navigation Plan session with us at https://go.johnsonodakkal.com/navplan

#DIDYOUKNOW? About 71 percent of the Earth's surface is covered with water, and the oceans hold about 96.5 percent of all Earth's water. According to U.S. Geological Survey, there are over 332,519,000 cubic miles of water on the planet. This massive amount of water present on Earth is home to millions of animal and plant species. These species play a vital role in the marine ecosystem and are really precious, therefore they are considered as the treasure of the Marine Kingdom. You might have seen the movie "Pirates of the Caribbean" or heard of similar human robbers who steal treasure. Here in this case we HUMANS are the pirates! YES HUMANS AGAIN…. Human activities are threatening the health of the world's oceans. According to a study, more than 80 percent of marine pollution comes from land-based activities. From coral bleaching to sea level rise, entire marine ecosystems are rapidly changing. Global warming is also causing sea levels to rise and rising temperatures increase the risk of irreversible loss of marine and coastal ecosystems. Anyhow, better late than never humans are getting aware of their foolishness and trying to divert their whole focus to solve the problems they created themselves in the first place. Many plans were made, many strategies were formed and then emerged a new concept- "Marine Park." Some of you might be already wondering - What is Marine park? A Marine park is a type of marine protected area (MPA). An MPA is a section of the ocean where a government has placed limits on human activity. The main objective of such parks is to achieve ecological sustainability, promote marine awareness and understanding, enable marine recreational activities, and provide benefits for indigenous people and coastal communities. Marine parks are basically the guardian of ocean treasure and they can take good care of nature. They are doing their job well and are providing a lot of benefits. Let us discuss a few reasons as to why there is a need for such parks and what benefits they provide? Protection of Biodiversity Amanda Feuerstein in one of her articles acknowledged the fact that biodiversity is the foundation on which our entire blue economy is based. Without the millions of different species in the ocean, we would not be able to support our fishing and tourism or our many inventions, technologies and medicines that we derive from the ocean. Marine parks play an important role in protecting biodiversity by imposing restrictions on the activities that are threatening for marine life. Protect Coastal Towns Mangroves and coral reefs act as fish nurseries and provide grounds for many other marine organisms to live in and breed, increasing the availability of food for local communities. For coastal communities the value of a mangrove or a coral reef is far more than the value of the fish that live there or the wood that comprises it. These ecosystems protect coastal homes against storms and floods, and reduce the disastrous impact of climate changes. Coral reefs can reduce wave energy by an average of 97 percent and mangroves secure the coastline so that rising sea levels do not reach coastal homes. Due to establishment of marine parks the threats to such ecosystems have reduced to a large extent. Boost Alternative Livelihoods The benefits of an MPA extend far beyond the boundaries of protection. Marine Parks act as the home base for species and these species use the protected area to reproduce, feed or congregate. Due to this their population increases and obviously these species won't restrict their growth in the park area, they will spread over a large region. Therefore even if fishing is restricted inside the Marine parks, just outside the border the fish are more numerous and far larger. This helps to boost the fishing sector. It also supports the tourism sector. In terms of marine tourism, aquatic parks offer the best solution for tourists because they are comparatively cheaper than watching animals in the sea. Many tourists can visit one aquatic park and watch various sea creatures. The global coverage of marine parks or marine protected areas (MPAs) is 7.68%. Progress in expanding the coverage of marine protected areas is underway. UN Environment assists countries in approving the effectiveness and equitable use of marine protected areas by providing technical expertise and capacity building support on governance of marine protected areas, and their use within wider integrated ocean and coastal management systems. The world has already made remarkable progress by increasing the spatial extent of the MPAs. In 2000 the area covered by MPAs was approximately 2 million km² (or 0.7% of the Ocean), since then there has been over a ten-fold increase in MPA coverage with 27,841,368 km² (or 7.68%) of the ocean being covered by MPAs. Plans are being made to increase the spatial extent of these areas further in the future. At the end let me share a mantra with you all. Hear what Jacques Yves Cousteau an Oceanographer said : " We must plant the sea and herd its animals using the sea as farmers instead of hunters. That is what civilization is all about - farming replacing hunting ." Let's take an oath to switch our roles from pirates to guardians and to protect and cherish the treasure of the Marine Kingdom! Stay connected for more at www.johnsonodakkal.com

Tourism is all about relaxing, adventure and enjoying oneself, for what would be a better place than crystal blue water and sandy beaches. For better understanding of Marine Tourism there is a need to understand its various aspects including its meaning, importance, impacts to marine ecosystem and its benefits for coastal communities. Maritime Tourism is the sector of the tourism industry that is based on tourists and visitors taking part in active and passive leisure and holidays pursuits or journeys on (or in) coastal waters, their shorelines and their immediate hinterlands. Marine leisure is a collective name for a full range of activities or pursuits that are undertaken by local people, tourists, and day visitors in these marine related localities. This tourism is generally popular in the summer season. Typical Activities for a Marine Tourist Diving and Snorkelling : Activity which includes immersing in towering kelp forest, view unique coral reef ecosystem and exploring sunken relics of maritime history Boating : Tourist travel through boat enjoying senetic surroundings, wildlife and viewing opportunities Experience Maritime Heritage : Visitors have opportunities to explore, discover and appreciate historic, cultural and archeological sites and stories that represent the connection between humans and water bodies. Surfing :An activity where an individual uses a board to ride on the forward section, or face, of a moving wave of water, which usually carries the surfer towards the shore Wildlife Watching : Whale watching is the practice of observing whales and dolphins and other creatures in their natural habitat. Whale watching is mostly a recreational activity, but it can also serve scientific and/or educational purposes. Camping : Tourists can stay using a tent near the seashore and enjoy the scenic beauty of the waters. Jet Skiing and Parasailing : These exciting activities involve riding small motorised water crafts which suit either one or two people. Some Global Locations for Marine Tourism Benefits from Marine Tourism It directly and indirectly contributes to the government revenue and also helps in earning foreign exchange to the host country's economy. The tourism income reverts back to the local economy due to informal employment such as street vendors and informal guides. It also creates ample opportunities for employment in various sectors raising the standard of living of local communities. Revenue collected by visitors can be used for protection and development of marine ecosystems. Tourism provides cultural exchange developing mutual sympathy and global brotherhood. Care and Attention to Sustainability While marine tourism has the potential to be sustainable ways to support coastal communities but as every coin has two sides, we need to exercise caution and be mindful to have sustainable marine tourism. Few aspects for attention are discussed next. Activities such as scuba diving and snorkelling have physical impact on coral reefs due to people standing, walking or kicking it which results in destruction of the marine ecosystem. Abundance fishing to cater the needs of growing demand leads to over exploitation of fishes. Heavy trafficked boats lead to growth of algae which obstructs sunlight and spoil water leading the water to change its chemistry into alkaline or acidic resulting harmful effects on wildlife and humans. People always tend to buy things from tourism spots for remembrance such as ornaments made up of shells and coral which endangers the species. Release of wastages from waterways restaurants and litter are reducing the beauty of marine life. What next as a Marine Tourist? Don't Litter, near the sea shore, or ANYWHERE Respect the Oceans as a Source of Life Buy Sustainable products Use Reef Safe products including Sunscreens Employ Responsible Tour & Dive Operators Volunteer to Protect Marine Environment So are you ready for being a responsible tourist next time and conserving our charismatic water ecosystem? References : https://www.cleartrip.com/collections/best-water-sports-destinations-in-india/ https://www.cheaptickets.co.th/en/blog/how-to-be-a-responsible-tourist-under-the-sea https://reef-world.org/blog/marine-souvenir-problem https://greentumble.com/how-does-tourism-affect-coral-reefs/ https://sanctuaries.noaa.gov/visit/things-to-do.html Editor Note : This is a Special Blog written by a zestful young Second Year University Student of B.Com at Tolani College of Commerce (Autonomous), Andheri, Mumbai, India who was a Knowledge Intern with #JOI for two months and is now a Guest Writer! Reach out for opportunities and internships by dropping an email to ops@johnsonodakkal.com

#JOI4U would made you aware that we have a series called #ExploringCareers wherein interesting & unconventional career options are showcased more often than mainstream careers. Our motive of launching such an informative series was to help young entrants into their vocational pursuit make informed decisions for their professional journey. Earlier this month our CEO, Dr Johnson Odakkal was in Goa on a day’s break after the academic orientation of an International Law University. He had the joy of meeting two professional clowns who went by the moniker Blim-Po with Agnel being “Blim” and Sachin being “Po”. While they were at the venue to discuss an event, the curious cat in our CEO enabled an exploratory conversation on the “serious” profession of Clowning! An offshoot of the conversation with “Blim-Po” was Dr Johnson reconnecting with his erstwhile colleague & friend, Lieutenant Commander Pravin Tulpule, now an Indian Navy Veteran and popularly known as ‘Happy – the medical clown’. I had the distinct honour of a fascinating conversation with “Happy” who has been in that industry for the last two decades. Pravin Tulpule, “Happy” shared his journey and overall experience with us to evolve this piece on #ExploringCareers anchored around on the choice to be in the business as a Clown. Clowning has traditionally been linked with circuses in India, yet it has enormous potential. It is one of the oldest kinds of art in existence. Mr. Tulpule simply joined the art to not make a great living out of it but to spread joy. In the interview he mentioned how the funny tactics which he could never do whilst in uniform, the clown get up helps him to do. He explained that the attention of an audience is hooked around the clown's clumsiness, reliving fond memories of their own childhood. Setting a unique stage is a whole new experience for the one wanting to come to this profession. As “Happy” expressed, for being a clown, one needs to be a target for the audience to laugh and make fun. Simply put, it is always easier to laugh at others. These days it is not difficult to become a professional clown as there's very little to no competition in this business. Showbiz may be blamed for its bad portrayal of Clowns. Pravin Tulpule also highlighted how a person with great jest and knack for the profession can easily make a mark with their efforts, as passion is what matters. Yet, with the right exposure and training, one can get a better hand to be the absolute best. Unfortunately, there is no institutionalised set up for Clowning in India. Nevertheless, one can easily be a member of various international communities, one being World Clown Association, and Clowns of America International Inc., in USA. #DidYouKnow that there is a whole new career as “Medical Clowning” as a pretty serious and a valid profession. This involves clowns interacting with patients to reduce the anxiety that comes with being in the hospital and foster optimism in gloomy wards. A path breaking venture, in the form of a school to educate and develop a pipeline of therapeutic clowns, has now launched in India, giving the budding profession a boost. A fellowship in the ‘MeDiClowning’ art and science has been established by the Chennai-based Saveetha University in collaboration with the Puducherry-based MeDi Clown Academy (a clown therapy provider) (FASMC). The 600-hour programme, the first of its kind in Asia, prepares clowns to bring laughter to a high-stress environment. The training involves workplace procedure, medical anthropology, well-being approaches, performative components, and other skills to help them develop their own clown personalities and emotional intelligence. Hope you enjoyed learning more of how serious a business is the journey to be a Clown! If you’re a person wanting to embark with intentionality into a professional career, or change tack to a more fulfilling option, do connect with us to know more. Chart out your way towards significance and book a Personal Navigation Plan session with us at https://go.johnsonodakkal.com/navplan References: http://www.historyofcircus.com/circus-facts/circus-clowns-history-and-facts/ https://www.globalindian.com/story/global-indian-exclusive/how-pravin-tulpule-the-former-naval-officer-became-a-medical-clown/ https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/now-medi-clowning-is-career-option/articleshow/69549891.cms

How often have you been asked “why should we hire you?” or “What do you think makes you stand apart from others?” in an interview? Many of us choose to focus on one’s work credibility, our last experience of how they will be helpful for the current profile that they've opened. Another part of this is your work ethics. Personally, I believe work ethics or certain principles across professions help to take you places. Ethics can be defined as the study of the origin and scope of moral language. In order to understand what is morally right or wrong, just or unjust, ethics explores the intellectual justifications for our moral judgments. There are certain things with which any professional can grow. It is very important for people to maintain the basic professional degree. “Morality is not properly the doctrine of how we may make ourselves happy, but how we may make ourselves worthy of happiness” – Immanuel Kant The term "professional ethics" refers to a set of guidelines that people must willingly follow in order to carry out their professional duties in accordance with their nature and the voice of their conscience; failure to do so will result in legal repercussions. Individual ethics refers to a person's responsibility for his or her personal conduct simply as a human being, whereas work ethics refers to a person's conduct as the holder of a particular profession or organizational position and is therefore accountable for their professional and professional conduct. A strong ethic offers a host of advantages to professionals. From outstanding results to a brighter career path, the benefits of developing a strong work ethic are numerous for an employee. Here are just a few of them: Building Trust : When you act ethically, you gain the trust of your coworkers and business associates. This results in more encouragement for your ideas and more opportunities for leadership, allowing you to move ahead up the corporate ladder. Lasting Networking Connections : When working your way up in your career, it’s often who you know that can help you land your dream job. Whether a former manager agrees to serve as a reference for a new job you’re interviewing for or a connection passes an exciting career opportunity your way, they do this because they trust that you’re an honest person. If people think you’re disreputable, they won’t maintain their connection with you. Build Public Image : Yes working on fulfilling your responsibilities helps build a credible public image. Moreover, your work gets noticed by the higher ups giving you the edge in building your career and networking. In simpler words your great work ethics tell you apart from others. Adaptive to Changes : The key to success is unquestionably held by employees who uphold professional ethics in the workplace. A group of sympathetic, devout, dependable, driven, caring, and responsible individuals will unquestionably fit into any role and task they are given. Additionally, it has generally been seen across the globe that in the regressive market conditions, if the corporation requests any modifications in the production or changes in the type of job, the workers object. Allow us at Johnson Odakkal Initiatives to come along side in your journey to effectiveness. Stay connected at https://www.johnsonodakkal.com/ References: https://www.careeraddict.com/ethics-professional-growth-career-development https://www.naceweb.org/career-development/organizational-structure/principles-for-ethical-professional-practice/ https://www.slideshare.net/DrRhea1/lesson-1-introduction-to-professional-development-and-applied-ethics https://www.ethicsboard.org/projects/revised-code-ethics-completed

#DidYouKnow! Conference of Parties (COP) this year is the 27th conference of climate change. The first COP meeting was held in Berlin, Germany in March, 1995. The COP Presidency rotates among the five recognized UN regions - that is, Africa, Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean, Central and Eastern Europe and Western Europe and Others – thus the venue of the COP also shifts among these groups. This year the United Nations Climate Change conference is being held from November 6th to 18th, 2022 in Sharm El Sheikh, Egypt. The COP is the supreme decision-making body of the Convention. All States that are Parties to the Convention are represented at the COP, at which they review the implementation of the Convention and any other legal instruments that the COP adopts and take decisions necessary to promote the effective implementation of the Convention, including institutional and administrative arrangements. Rising global temperatures have wrecked havoc ranging from devastating floods in scorching heat ultimately disrupting communities globally. Almost half of the global population is highly vulnerable to climate change. The real work of the summit is to hash out the details of international climate agreements, particularly the Paris Agreement, which commits countries to try to limit global warming to 1.5C above pre-industrial temperatures. The main battle of the summit will be over funding, in particular for the developing countries that bear the brunt of the impact of climate change such as drought and flooding. Sources : UNCC official website https://unfccc.int/process/bodies/supreme-bodies/conference-of-the-parties-cop https://www.wri.org/un-climate-change-conference-resource-hub Enhance your #KnowledgeInfluence to journey to an effective direction & purpose. Learn more through booking a DISCovery Session at https://go.johnsonodakkal.com/DISCover